FTPS（FTP+SSL）
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ftps是一种多传输协议，相当于加密版的FTP。当你在FTP服务器上收发文件的时候，你面临两个风险。第一个风险是在上载文件的时候为文件加密。第二个风险是，这些文件在你等待接收方下载的时候将停留在FTP服务器上，这时你如何保证这些文件的安全。你的第二个选择(创建一个支持SSL的FTP服务器)能够让你的主机使用一个FTPS连接上载这些文件。这包括使用一个在FTP协议下面的SSL层加密控制和数据通道。一种替代FTPS的协议是安全文件传输协议(SFTP)。这个协议使用SSH文件传输协议加密从客户机到服务器的FTP连接。% v1 ?$ w- K/ G, P3 V q z7 C
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FTPS是在安全套接层使用标准的FTP协议和指令的一种增强型TFP协议，为FTP协议和数据通道增加了SSL安全功能。FTPS也称作“FTP-SSL”和“FTP-over-SSL”。SSL是一个在客户机和具有SSL功能的服务器之间的安全连接中对数据进行加密和解密的协议。
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和sftp连接方法类似，在windows中可以使用FileZilla等传输软件来连接FTPS进行上传，下载文件，建立，删除目录等操作,在FileZilla连接时，有显式和隐式TLS/SSL连接之分，连接时也有指纹提示。; \' v4 C$ F& h- x1 d
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$ ?/ ?1 u- Z4 a i2 U( O安全：ftps ftp+ssl+ q9 j( ?) F% {8 J! ^2 h, C- g2 O; u
- m, D2 R- N# \, a# X准备工作：
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1 G- h \; q; j, Q; t/ S准备一:关闭防火墙；
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准备二：挂载光盘；/ q' t) ], }# v6 m+ {) n9 A1 i) F
1 v% [* l! d9 p6 d( @准备三：构建本地yum服务器。; _1 N7 v' ^. s% ~/ n) _, h9 g
' z `* q- R- l; \! c8 nFTP+SSL配置详细过程:
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①.安装配置FTP服务器和抓包工具：（ftp：192.168.101.210）) G! l6 S( _+ q! ` A$ T' D9 T
9 S8 ~' L; k- y. D[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep vsftpd
& C3 E# ~4 E% U; i3 u[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
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4 a1 ~, h2 d0 }: B6 o[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep wireshark* h e5 w2 b8 ]
$ X, }5 A7 H8 K. U" m8 q. ? n* W[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y wireshark
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7 k: z4 e1 e# m- l[root@ftp ~]# useradd user1
5 V+ o' [6 H( Q- C4 X' A& v# F. n1 F[root@ftp ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin user12 B! y6 T+ {5 w9 A+ n3 A% q7 P
0 L9 t& j) Q6 x" l; z. s[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd start& O" i/ `) r4 b. f8 G1 B* c" h% b
; o8 @, K& |1 wStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]0 n& z! G) q! s4 K- W
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/ M6 g+ K+ C1 q1 }& E6 }[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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+ e5 g7 L% B1 R* S: U8 T②.配置本地CA证书服务器：/ c! }& [* y! J' F8 ~# q
& w2 E. }. x/ ]* m0 A2 }, \% z[root@ftp ~]# cd /etc/pki/( A! @4 `- U) j( ?2 D
[root@ftp pki]# ll/ { L3 u% `* n* e4 A# X9 s
[root@ftp pki]# vim tls/openssl.cnf
6 y* f) k& m* w1 ]2 M45 dir = /etc/pki/CA
3 A0 ^& {5 m/ Y# X88 countryName = optional
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$ h9 [( I& A' g. n! V89 stateOrProvinceName = optional
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90 organizationName = optional
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[root@ftp pki]# cd CA/% `& {0 M4 b: r( d( f! I1 m
[root@ftp CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl, i7 Z$ C' m: B5 j, J
[root@ftp CA]# touch index.txt serial9 E2 w: G2 k: k' @) S2 p. q
[root@ftp CA]# echo "01" >serial
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6 v+ z$ H9 K, c( k[root@ftp CA]# ll9 l8 d* i! q6 e- \1 j
[root@ftp CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 > private/cakey.pem4 c) k( W: h8 E3 n2 d
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Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus( I# O+ ]/ w8 f/ \8 ]# `
9 T. P+ |/ m g1 Z& w...........++++++$ x, D. i. N4 U/ W% o" V' n
....++++++
% T+ E) h4 ?. }6 H1 D# @e is 65537 (0x10001)7 b7 S4 L( e$ O% k
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[root@ftp CA]# chmod 600 private/cakey.pem( ?# v4 G: Q1 B! ]
[root@ftp CA]# ll private/cakey.pem; V4 v: t& w8 U0 Q6 [2 P% F
-rw------- 1 root root 887 Feb 10 23:22 private/cakey.pem
- [! ~, i ^' ?& k* S e. \[root@ftp CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
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$ y4 Z' u0 P6 R; EYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated# O7 m7 k/ K6 }8 i0 ^) P
0 y, ~0 D* M3 Ointo your certificate request.7 e" F) T. J9 X( I* u
, F# g9 r! `- g a* W& ^What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.; `$ N( G: _4 X
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There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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For some fields there will be a default value,; B) M/ m( c" W5 V: Q% `$ ~
H. Y* I* H% r/ cIf you enter '.', the field will be left blank." _ `. S# b7 [/ n* Y
+ ^ h) k9 j9 x+ o) b6 U-----6 o& F- J6 s' y: _- Z' D
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
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x4 b/ ^ ~+ f) EState or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan; L- M9 A$ \8 p
* k+ h: e2 b6 F4 rLocality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou6 c" k( S1 x) C4 P
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Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:soft
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7 V: m! M; x# u% r; w7 o* C; G0 J) CCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.junjie.com6 P2 y% g+ S( g. Y3 K3 S7 R
3 H$ ~ l9 C% q+ XEmail Address []:junjie@junjie.com
6 k, i* W( ]5 Y- U; B6 B% j! K3 _[root@ftp CA]#ll, }4 c+ ~# d) _, r0 g: z
③.为ftp服务器创建证书：
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[root@ftp CA]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/certs, J0 M% ^0 H; F: u: Z$ o
[root@ftp CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/certs1 v; T# ]# ^; l8 k, u: U) c2 I# n
[root@ftp certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key* k1 K+ G# J3 C+ a
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus1 u, J3 _) O3 `5 o
0 |9 H) P6 U: E1 Q4 G1 d....++++++( W: O# @! L8 X: i! j
...++++++) [1 s# A# W$ @* R& X1 Y
e is 65537 (0x10001)6 L6 c2 O- J; p1 y; b- j, G% U: T
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[root@ftp certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr
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You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
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6 \* G& O J. f: y3 y7 z+ O7 c' _into your certificate request.
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3 F Y- r Y: e; |: ]# k* dWhat you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.* e6 j' V a4 N* h$ W
5 E/ ], x8 D1 m0 pThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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( U& }. W# e4 E8 mFor some fields there will be a default value,& C) O6 ?' l2 Z( j
8 X8 l" n' _; L6 NIf you enter '.', the field will be left blank.. j! M4 H4 Z' V5 b- G- u, B% D
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-----1 }* P% b: i4 `( H1 a) F+ F$ N: g9 Q
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
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State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan
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Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou( _# f* |& p/ I! l; |' L4 h6 Y
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Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie G; u' }7 e$ A% b* k. I* q
# @% u8 Y# Z" qOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ftp
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Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.junjie.com
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Email Address []:ftp@junjie.com8 |! D$ v$ P j! s3 l$ T
1 n0 i9 M9 z' P3 g$ sPlease enter the following 'extra' attributes% x( J' s" s+ N; W2 ]
, ~, A" C: h+ z9 {& J( Oto be sent with your certificate request: n" l1 E: h) ^( o/ A) t2 P- f' r: X5 x
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A challenge password []:9 o+ Z3 Q" t0 |, o5 f8 ^( k
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[root@ftp certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt8 g. ?3 E! y5 a
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
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Check that the request matches the signature0 a' Z+ b: D! C% v$ o# {) @* K
; m, d3 n. a* h6 S" PSignature ok! a8 C1 @8 s, m8 q- P) Y
Certificate Details:
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Serial Number: 1 (0x1)2 T4 X* q& ?% J$ V; a
Validity
: h$ E' F6 s5 c6 n0 `& e Not Before: Feb 10 15:48:55 2012 GMT" J& D1 X: R8 f7 V. u s
+ p% ^9 u( D) @ Not After : Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT
5 [6 J( e& p* G; M8 S! x' J% | Subject:
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stateOrProvinceName = henan
; |0 L$ ~0 h& E organizationName = junjie3 y& V! W% l0 E7 W
organizationalUnitName = ftp% E2 Z ~$ L+ }* d! E* ~6 C+ H) g
commonName = ftp.junjie.com$ H2 k7 `& ?! d" |7 a6 [) ~
emailAddress = junjie@junjie.com
' i* a! k- Z/ }8 o: O3 \ X509v3 extensions:6 s' q7 X1 u# X! \2 r
X509v3 Basic Constraints:; e+ v, ^( z! U4 `) u+ ^3 k3 N* X4 ?
CA:FALSE
" g' f+ H$ f. W2 k& u) N Netscape Comment:
* g a# o, K, W OpenSSL Generated Certificate
$ e( x% y3 F5 L8 Q X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
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X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:: M( G: @3 @% c7 \
keyid:50 1:A8:0A:1F:B7:CD:49:94:69:E3:70:E9:AE:93:73:2C:94:66:AC
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Certificate is to be certified until Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT (365 days)* t& i$ t. [9 ]
3 M* L! H6 [9 Z% N; c- V& h ?2 ?0 TSign the certificate? [y/n]:y9 Q2 J o* y; ^1 u
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1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
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# ]. O* u: C4 y8 XWrite out database with 1 new entries$ T6 _' r7 ^7 L& k4 _8 n" S
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Data Base Updated! @0 |- \$ |' H4 L
[root@ftp certs]# ll1 t& K+ b+ ^4 J
[root@ftp certs]# chmod 600 *
* G6 J# \6 ~; ]2 v; C[root@ftp certs]# ll4 O7 P* X9 S/ V- ~
④.使ftp服务应用证书：1 `1 T* m5 U) S) `
: E! j3 E, D. d: o! e[root@ftp certs]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
1 e7 t$ M5 g/ P3 T5 |( S4 E[root@ftp vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf #增加以下内容
l$ d6 u4 f9 I& ?5 \% i+ N118 rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.crt& q3 b7 C' y: l0 M4 t% b8 D
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119 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.key
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1 \6 a% a; @1 X2 U. h120 force_local_data_ssl=YES* g* i# e$ n5 }* _" E+ s3 A
121 force_local_logins_ssl=YES+ f4 ~& s5 M( c W6 y
122 ssl_enable=YES9 s' V5 q `& i* x& T8 O/ B
123 ssl_sslv2=YES
2 A5 e( }; `: K4 f6 }0 d, [124 ssl_sslv3=YES% T9 ?& q' ?( Z% Z% I' Y/ b
125 ssl_tlsv1=YES
2 K4 b# f& j" B" l9 L$ D' S[root@ftp vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart. R( P3 H4 f, c5 z9 Z+ g4 {; G% {
6 r& p! z& h0 z" L) }, ?Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]0 U) V0 ^, r0 a Z% o% m& ?
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]' Y9 S& c+ D; [) T% l& M
⑤客户端测试（已加密传输）：2 U6 ?) ]8 p- J0 v* b
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, J" r, P6 g t3 w5 w5 U从上面看出证书名称出现问题，但可是可以使用！选择接收一次！
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1 T/ _1 ]9 y$ P该次登录抓包内容如下所示：传输已经经过加密！, @! E" ]9 B7 p
[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"9 @2 ?9 \/ Z- ~
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Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.% s' R# `0 \$ e! K( ]5 z/ H" f
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Capturing on eth0
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9.742109 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2
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9.742144 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65700 Len=01 h% D! N7 Y K$ Q; R
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9.747458 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: AUTH SSL; A6 A1 q1 O4 P; H* Q( V. ~
- Y# R0 L7 i( B( x0 f- E 9.755605 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \200\310\001\003\001\000\237\000\000\000 \000\300\024\000\300
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7 S/ g- P+ B6 {. Y- ~: G D Y 9.758795 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \026\003\001\000\206\020\000\000\202\000\200n\257\315\204\324o
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9.778662 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\215\325t\357\277\001\376FZ\243D\373\003\367\231\207Q\324\003Q}/\335\025\027\003\001\000 \f\355b\270\355\325\020[\372\302s{^\375\307\364C\307\243\251v9\370\364\260\277\253\317\321gB]& d5 o9 H8 e, k4 m0 J2 e- c7 Q2 D5 k
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9.779885 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\324\000\267\312\0320\213\266y\311\025[\371\275?\254Y\257\024[\245vjM\027\003\001\000(\236\321\221Z\321Z(\316'\343.\235?\321=8\264b\270(j\336\231\210\265\207K\223A\037"\277\251\252t\252a`\374' E3 c8 F. j$ [: S. M9 |7 w
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9.782153 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\257d\313mXZT\356\2366\334q\223\017gt\371\232\207\226\325
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& c! y1 `% }: w 9.793165 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\0301\020S\237\372\210\004N4\370\366\377\2213m\356\233w:\275)>@%\027\003\001\000 Y\032\275BM=3J\313\240\241\372Z\371@\335\262\252\240\235\021\345\271\305\223\211\020\340\332\323Q\251; ?0 O+ @. \9 }, B5 N3 E* \9 c
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9.795630 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\302\016=LR\272\030{\034\277V\256]\230\247\363\355M\241\327U\207k\032\027\003\001\000 OYi\216=S\322\212)\271V\016\2519w\332f\213\222S\244\275M\316\025N\302:k\312b\331
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8 J9 o) n) ~: Y' b 9.796727 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1260 Win=64440 Len=0
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9.797542 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1334 Win=64364 Len=0" ?( w; D$ E+ U. b5 S" b& a
7 m( r% Z: G W 9.798327 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1408 Win=64292 Len=05 s9 g8 t9 w7 h' e( B: j8 r
7 P. Y+ P' b# E, W7 W3 d# | 9.798775 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1482 Win=65700 Len=0
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9.799387 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1564 Win=65616 Len=0
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9.799910 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1638 Win=65544 Len=0 M. R& ]8 y2 l: z
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9.805078 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030G}\305\210\021s\244q\023k=\345R\232A\366B\360\202\320\361(x\344\027\003\001\000 \351W\350\377\362\2756\334\303\035+1l|{\304\277\224\326n\036d\213\217\b\216\023N\225\003a\274" R' i* b# U) @+ L
9 j* e( {! T9 n9 C 9.810763 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203\354F\302\253\205\212\355\334$\321=\303h\276\302\350\320.\346\223\337BG\027\003\001\000 73\027\372#\2320 u n9 ?2 O" y0 L! V
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9.813350 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203x`k\337RM\341w\022N\255|f\260U ?\354)A\301^\251\027\003\001\000 \031`\366\364He\030\266z)\373\265\237\261\3430\220\331\340Kv[\033\347\tXj\344\314\236\242
. h' i, }# b/ x
, X8 ~! b0 ?9 P 9.814073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\307\2126sY\a\237\034\321\277!j\320\213\235\032\277e\345\361E>|)\027\003\001\000 \256\304}:-\365\034\aD~\fk`]\314\b\207\365-\217\305\244: N7 D0 ^6 R2 j; k
; x2 q7 e" P: u1 n" l2 I$ [
9.838659 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\300\272t&\t(\262\243\361\210\263\343\326\261\017$\317V\002\354\325\271\250\366\027\003\001\000 \350F\305\360\363\365\033\274W\207M\006\216\255\016\365\205z\033\002\032B\345,\3712\034\377\327[\272P
( T7 A; ~! p9 ]5 v1 E2 _0 L9 n+ q0 f4 P4 s5 p
9.851675 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1071 Ack=2041 Win=65140 Len=0
+ l! C1 _# t8 ]( b# D; D
, {5 L" [3 r% H( N0 N9 U) N+ s 9.856073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\f\357\000E/\372\333\247\016\344\315\345\346\271L\327\214CE0*i\316\332\027\003\001\000(8\220\341\316.*\234dM\2351 F; b t7 R' `, t, }3 T
4 ^8 q0 N( v3 e# u' @4 H0 {
10.061779 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1145 Ack=2094 Win=65088 Len=0% B: ?$ m6 ~' j
' T3 R( z$ {! x/ H8 A 39.978110 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030=\032\322\022\216B\025O\016\034
" Z% b* j1 A' d2 `. i
, M/ v! E* t) b 39.980672 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1211 Ack=2139 Win=65040 Len=0# G7 m4 S+ e& A
) @9 O% e8 A1 T L3 w 39.980725 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [RST, ACK] Seq=1212 Ack=2149 Win=0 Len=04 s0 v7 J6 v% V& ^% `7 h; g( h/ G7 c
; A& J |* ]- ~0 L8 S0 X; I- n
27 packets captured
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[root@ftp ~]# |
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发表于 2013-1-22 22:31:55