FTPS（FTP+SSL）
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" i D+ j( m* P. s ftps是一种多传输协议，相当于加密版的FTP。当你在FTP服务器上收发文件的时候，你面临两个风险。第一个风险是在上载文件的时候为文件加密。第二个风险是，这些文件在你等待接收方下载的时候将停留在FTP服务器上，这时你如何保证这些文件的安全。你的第二个选择(创建一个支持SSL的FTP服务器)能够让你的主机使用一个FTPS连接上载这些文件。这包括使用一个在FTP协议下面的SSL层加密控制和数据通道。一种替代FTPS的协议是安全文件传输协议(SFTP)。这个协议使用SSH文件传输协议加密从客户机到服务器的FTP连接。5 |2 x0 B$ X3 O# D+ W5 w9 Q" n5 D
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FTPS是在安全套接层使用标准的FTP协议和指令的一种增强型TFP协议，为FTP协议和数据通道增加了SSL安全功能。FTPS也称作“FTP-SSL”和“FTP-over-SSL”。SSL是一个在客户机和具有SSL功能的服务器之间的安全连接中对数据进行加密和解密的协议。
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和sftp连接方法类似，在windows中可以使用FileZilla等传输软件来连接FTPS进行上传，下载文件，建立，删除目录等操作,在FileZilla连接时，有显式和隐式TLS/SSL连接之分，连接时也有指纹提示。
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安全：ftps ftp+ssl8 }) \, q, L- p% Y
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准备工作：5 S }) \- E+ [+ A1 q2 W4 l2 p
5 p/ q+ \- t! i准备一:关闭防火墙；
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准备二：挂载光盘；
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' Y( X" z# C: S; s) K$ Q准备三：构建本地yum服务器。
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" v6 A, }: G- N! f! `FTP+SSL配置详细过程:* y; b6 Y. {! p) C/ a
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①.安装配置FTP服务器和抓包工具：（ftp：192.168.101.210）2 F {/ P# z* ~" l4 X
- j1 x, f% g& B: T |2 E4 E2 F+ l[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep vsftpd9 l" | _/ j7 M1 L/ J9 N2 @& Z
[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y vsftpd5 f% q2 ?; Q' C1 I( R9 A5 |
6 S7 T" V3 [# G" U; R1 t[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep wireshark
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: O1 u7 u% ^* R x0 b$ s* Y5 {[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y wireshark# V# n4 [$ k5 S4 d+ v7 S# ^
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[root@ftp ~]# useradd user1
0 G5 Z$ F$ P) `6 @7 t4 K7 ][root@ftp ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin user1& R3 U0 J# L: J4 ^- R
: L3 W# [) q0 i9 G( V+ N, C[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd start1 R# M" a% A9 ?& T6 u) u
9 ]" q5 L" ^1 T! M. v0 s. P+ U) \Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]' |" {5 E+ {4 y' u6 x
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21", x# I7 j' |" n/ j1 {; @+ q; z q
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②.配置本地CA证书服务器：
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[root@ftp ~]# cd /etc/pki/- A$ S/ t/ |0 C9 c/ m. J) W
[root@ftp pki]# ll
+ s) q* \& a$ M e- m5 ~8 k# A! N[root@ftp pki]# vim tls/openssl.cnf, s6 O, d) L7 K/ \, Q, G2 T" |
45 dir = /etc/pki/CA: k3 s0 t) v+ }$ k0 @
88 countryName = optional8 v4 Z# w# [; G/ ]8 [' R
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89 stateOrProvinceName = optional
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90 organizationName = optional
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5 `+ s' |0 S1 q" y6 o5 \& [[root@ftp pki]# cd CA/4 P( u7 B# z9 c l/ k
[root@ftp CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl) m. [0 e# `6 S7 I7 J& C
[root@ftp CA]# touch index.txt serial
% ?3 I# a6 \) Z+ F+ |[root@ftp CA]# echo "01" >serial
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3 t& f; ^* g- l3 }$ f+ S[root@ftp CA]# ll1 `- y; P& Y& D# i) I5 z* K
[root@ftp CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 > private/cakey.pem
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, y9 u. m6 E. ^# D; m$ s' |5 \: ^; wGenerating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
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9 M ~- F* k B+ @! u3 j1 |/ o+ T/ e...........++++++
' K4 `1 C& g. r1 R....++++++
; O" T1 u% r- a- Ie is 65537 (0x10001)6 r7 \" Q/ C5 g0 ?) |
% j. q' C) T( v W1 P0 S[root@ftp CA]# chmod 600 private/cakey.pem0 r* a; J2 u* {! K1 a
[root@ftp CA]# ll private/cakey.pem$ _3 p9 A7 W, r3 a
-rw------- 1 root root 887 Feb 10 23:22 private/cakey.pem( D9 c* z/ E. f; B
[root@ftp CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650. \2 ^9 H5 r/ o! J
# O9 |) G9 ~* u7 p. K# ~! l0 h. [You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated u4 R0 R, v( D
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What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN." x, r5 _+ a' I) y7 A8 P+ I
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There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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# F, F8 K. m0 K" uFor some fields there will be a default value,% ^2 Q$ ^/ A! f" \9 a5 r
* |8 I5 y. T7 ]. t! MIf you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
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-----
& d O5 I7 o9 I/ }3 `8 @Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
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( b3 R) ~# p6 S4 }; E+ qState or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan: P- [- N; n: o
% I, U' u& a" B, b# h. n$ uLocality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou% w" B5 }; n! ?( }) G4 D( \
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Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
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( G' W6 J/ l5 v+ ]# COrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:soft U e% D8 C! T- D
1 w( K6 c5 j- u x( o Q9 W- |' |Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.junjie.com
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; l- A, S: _5 PEmail Address []:junjie@junjie.com0 d* F6 x! Q8 C* E6 e2 q$ `/ J
[root@ftp CA]#ll
- k) s2 D" T- P, M③.为ftp服务器创建证书：
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[root@ftp CA]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/certs0 K( [' T! O* g) t! r
[root@ftp CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/certs
+ e& U; P7 |+ b( g; _% w# u) T[root@ftp certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key
! ]" H+ m, R8 u9 ?Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus- U- w: i" Q! F9 s& ?$ |' I' g
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....++++++
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e is 65537 (0x10001)
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. p0 t; d/ I' p) ~$ n2 o" e; s3 a[root@ftp certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr
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You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
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into your certificate request.
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What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.. V h1 U9 t2 U! v! p* P, R
9 Q F. u& i8 K2 k4 o4 XThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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# C" Z1 h! `, }For some fields there will be a default value,: N( r+ y" A% G" r5 G
: f! a" ^* j# u, f$ F" UIf you enter '.', the field will be left blank.# p J6 m- ]& @0 Y; L" |
|+ P5 K9 C# w-----
7 s( i' E; p" a! |2 `! uCountry Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn6 l, I G2 C$ N1 ~9 w
5 B9 y$ Z5 k" y$ K w; |; C' tState or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan" \+ t- _$ U, x: o
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Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou- j. W5 r! x- J! z* \% f X: _
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Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie& |/ P7 D2 Q# s) m6 s% t$ l+ i5 U& U
5 q* L7 Q1 P1 q- L3 \$ l( N2 oOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ftp0 o4 ]" ~6 P- x. b- q& Q0 S% o: z3 H
" E G" p. f7 M1 Z' aCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.junjie.com
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8 I- f5 U8 Q0 g) LEmail Address []:ftp@junjie.com# }+ W# g( U" v3 c
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Please enter the following 'extra' attributes8 Y4 k" Q/ y _! ~' \. I* P: K
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to be sent with your certificate request
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A challenge password []:1 K; U2 J, h9 K. I! O4 K
, z+ T+ C/ y6 ?7 W) u1 iAn optional company name []:& }4 j) g5 M# g( [: \8 Z2 w
2 T7 ^2 \" ~ \3 B8 a7 J! w1 m+ a[root@ftp certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt1 h3 a" K# L* m& f+ w$ `6 e
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
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Check that the request matches the signature% Z6 K7 |, r0 w. [+ N/ L# U1 H
: k. [$ l- p, E9 m% O$ t% SSignature ok# P4 h3 c$ l/ `* L+ m
Certificate Details:
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0 v: G3 L2 i% T" P6 [3 A5 [4 H Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
\) T; `3 u( H& p4 F. W Validity
2 Q4 v1 K2 j" E0 ?5 W" v( S Not Before: Feb 10 15:48:55 2012 GMT( ?' J3 V, y8 e. r4 [. z/ c
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Not After : Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT
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organizationName = junjie
* L. O$ T/ {% h @+ \2 f6 n" u( M" L organizationalUnitName = ftp1 t a |& v4 o$ Q5 U
commonName = ftp.junjie.com+ K; G! C8 ^ i$ c* }
emailAddress = junjie@junjie.com
2 r; e: b3 \& B2 y3 s& D X509v3 extensions:
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CA:FALSE$ Q( |; Z# s7 ]
Netscape Comment:
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X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:8 ]6 J& X- C# n$ t. i
33:C5:01:33:A5:CF:42:9F:24:A9:0D:E9:41:8E:26:C3:1B:7B:18:11
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X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:% s) G( e# |2 R& a1 H$ T6 e
keyid:50 1:A8:0A:1F:B7:CD:49:94:69:E3:70:E9:AE:93:73:2C:94:66:AC! o1 j' q+ W; O, \" ]
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$ Y/ P' f1 m2 J6 t; w$ i2 r+ TCertificate is to be certified until Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT (365 days)
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Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
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; A! t7 Z. k2 u1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y* W" ^% y7 {9 s0 p
' q, E" Y8 S Z& _) JWrite out database with 1 new entries
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Data Base Updated! n/ D5 D' H0 e- r% G. }) r0 y! O
[root@ftp certs]# ll% S1 ~- }9 d% z
[root@ftp certs]# chmod 600 *0 [/ Z( ~ v" g. @1 h
[root@ftp certs]# ll+ J! j% a* t$ i8 X9 w# [
④.使ftp服务应用证书：9 w% Z2 @' |! L8 ^2 {& f$ @1 C' M
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[root@ftp certs]# cd /etc/vsftpd/ 1 S _% a7 i8 z* G6 l$ S
[root@ftp vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf #增加以下内容
, ^" j O5 L# \0 R118 rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.crt
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119 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.key
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7 y; G1 R4 q3 `120 force_local_data_ssl=YES' o0 J% h u u4 V
121 force_local_logins_ssl=YES7 ?9 \1 h$ J# B' i2 h
122 ssl_enable=YES
) x" N. c! i; w0 a2 b/ ]123 ssl_sslv2=YES
3 M2 f* Z1 W& o& F. m4 V! H' {2 R! e124 ssl_sslv3=YES& q, A8 t V2 w
125 ssl_tlsv1=YES
% D' b3 |' V. u. A0 A- r8 k[root@ftp vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart7 Q8 s' O2 h" q- ?
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Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]
+ t H! \2 n* s) \Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]7 Q$ a+ E$ _, a( E' _' Q) F
⑤客户端测试（已加密传输）：
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8 j9 `7 x% v( J7 P3 U从上面看出证书名称出现问题，但可是可以使用！选择接收一次！
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该次登录抓包内容如下所示：传输已经经过加密！" c+ V* u" K+ }6 b! H8 F
[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"5 K0 {3 X9 `% }% y4 `
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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. h9 X' `; l3 h* z) Q0 y4 b1 _Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
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, \& O& u# _, SCapturing on eth0
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9.742109 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2, P2 Z+ R9 A9 j. b! Y
; H& Y I! g" F0 b" j* }; @ 9.742144 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65700 Len=04 e+ l1 ^! ]5 |( w) U' P+ j B0 [" K
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9.747458 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: AUTH SSL
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6 }0 R0 z/ a( Y: ~! I 9.755605 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \200\310\001\003\001\000\237\000\000\000 \000\300\024\000\300
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- L. C# O( [/ m- B+ `& p 9.778662 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\215\325t\357\277\001\376FZ\243D\373\003\367\231\207Q\324\003Q}/\335\025\027\003\001\000 \f\355b\270\355\325\020[\372\302s{^\375\307\364C\307\243\251v9\370\364\260\277\253\317\321gB]
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9.779885 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\324\000\267\312\0320\213\266y\311\025[\371\275?\254Y\257\024[\245vjM\027\003\001\000(\236\321\221Z\321Z(\316'\343.\235?\321=8\264b\270(j\336\231\210\265\207K\223A\037"\277\251\252t\252a`\374
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9 s+ u* t% [/ ~. d9 x6 O 9.782153 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\257d\313mXZT\356\2366\334q\223\017gt\371\232\207\226\325
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8 }( q2 G1 z. C2 R 9.793165 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\0301\020S\237\372\210\004N4\370\366\377\2213m\356\233w:\275)>@%\027\003\001\000 Y\032\275BM=3J\313\240\241\372Z\371@\335\262\252\240\235\021\345\271\305\223\211\020\340\332\323Q\251
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9.795630 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\302\016=LR\272\030{\034\277V\256]\230\247\363\355M\241\327U\207k\032\027\003\001\000 OYi\216=S\322\212)\271V\016\2519w\332f\213\222S\244\275M\316\025N\302:k\312b\331
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9.796727 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1260 Win=64440 Len=0* n9 U5 L5 J- G+ p& _' b
+ P9 d7 O/ O) d/ I5 m 9.797542 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1334 Win=64364 Len=0
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9.798327 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1408 Win=64292 Len=0
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0 l; z; [4 R5 u+ h1 O( k* H1 A3 R6 }2 N 9.798775 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1482 Win=65700 Len=0
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, P; E6 u! K8 u0 X0 x 9.799387 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1564 Win=65616 Len=0 [8 u' c$ k% W5 I9 y. o" t# t
+ N7 a& F0 r$ G& n# G) j 9.799910 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1638 Win=65544 Len=04 J1 y3 m# U- [3 W4 z
( x, D9 Z: N% V: y s I% ~* a+ w 9.805078 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030G}\305\210\021s\244q\023k=\345R\232A\366B\360\202\320\361(x\344\027\003\001\000 \351W\350\377\362\2756\334\303\035+1l|{\304\277\224\326n\036d\213\217\b\216\023N\225\003a\2741 m9 w5 ~ f: \& a" c, t: B
v5 B! f p% [ 9.810763 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203\354F\302\253\205\212\355\334$\321=\303h\276\302\350\320.\346\223\337BG\027\003\001\000 73\027\372#\232
7 o$ i% H0 k) f( I" w$ C, L
% \# d2 c3 c* V9 s6 z$ c* { 9.813350 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203x`k\337RM\341w\022N\255|f\260U ?\354)A\301^\251\027\003\001\000 \031`\366\364He\030\266z)\373\265\237\261\3430\220\331\340Kv[\033\347\tXj\344\314\236\242: u5 [& ?) K) [) D/ a8 ?, U
l( n% l2 z! h 9.814073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\307\2126sY\a\237\034\321\277!j\320\213\235\032\277e\345\361E>|)\027\003\001\000 \256\304}:-\365\034\aD~\fk`]\314\b\207\365-\217\305\244" G" Z; k% ~3 g3 F+ M* M
( s, `& G% g1 C: r+ ]( i
9.838659 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\300\272t&\t(\262\243\361\210\263\343\326\261\017$\317V\002\354\325\271\250\366\027\003\001\000 \350F\305\360\363\365\033\274W\207M\006\216\255\016\365\205z\033\002\032B\345,\3712\034\377\327[\272P
' j5 R! F% I% V+ }+ ?+ M' f0 m7 _8 I, i' Q5 U, N5 u; l
9.851675 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1071 Ack=2041 Win=65140 Len=0# N3 S5 `, m0 e# ~9 I/ {
" a; e' y, ?. z% `, y
9.856073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\f\357\000E/\372\333\247\016\344\315\345\346\271L\327\214CE0*i\316\332\027\003\001\000(8\220\341\316.*\234dM\235
; U% i; X S) s/ f* d: F8 g6 ]* e
/ v* ~/ t1 K2 p* c4 M+ J5 m 10.061779 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1145 Ack=2094 Win=65088 Len=0, F3 d1 m2 i2 }. Z/ R
" p$ X7 `, g5 @' J 39.978110 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030=\032\322\022\216B\025O\016\034
4 z. f5 X V% X# Z3 V/ `
8 J9 `6 h/ \1 x9 W% D/ y 39.980672 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1211 Ack=2139 Win=65040 Len=0
( T# m9 _0 c5 j' y7 ^9 z4 S) ^( f6 x2 W4 c3 q
39.980725 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [RST, ACK] Seq=1212 Ack=2149 Win=0 Len=0& r% T [5 Y$ g. B4 s4 i
8 A& Q: s* U& t2 Q# c
27 packets captured. Z: I$ n* Z1 H1 w: P4 N" r7 l& W
2 B7 y0 X1 ~. s2 Y' V
[root@ftp ~]# |
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发表于 2013-1-22 22:31:55