FTPS（FTP+SSL）! v' [; V: c! F- T3 u
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ftps是一种多传输协议，相当于加密版的FTP。当你在FTP服务器上收发文件的时候，你面临两个风险。第一个风险是在上载文件的时候为文件加密。第二个风险是，这些文件在你等待接收方下载的时候将停留在FTP服务器上，这时你如何保证这些文件的安全。你的第二个选择(创建一个支持SSL的FTP服务器)能够让你的主机使用一个FTPS连接上载这些文件。这包括使用一个在FTP协议下面的SSL层加密控制和数据通道。一种替代FTPS的协议是安全文件传输协议(SFTP)。这个协议使用SSH文件传输协议加密从客户机到服务器的FTP连接。. \( P, W6 `4 |
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& a! Z6 d0 o: b( `) bFTPS是在安全套接层使用标准的FTP协议和指令的一种增强型TFP协议，为FTP协议和数据通道增加了SSL安全功能。FTPS也称作“FTP-SSL”和“FTP-over-SSL”。SSL是一个在客户机和具有SSL功能的服务器之间的安全连接中对数据进行加密和解密的协议。$ M6 \; L2 l x) ~; y, x; _
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和sftp连接方法类似，在windows中可以使用FileZilla等传输软件来连接FTPS进行上传，下载文件，建立，删除目录等操作,在FileZilla连接时，有显式和隐式TLS/SSL连接之分，连接时也有指纹提示。/ l! O" ^6 F# p. Y/ l$ h
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$ E; I6 j1 B* f- g9 Y1 i安全：ftps ftp+ssl
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准备工作：- S) k; f8 c2 p0 S# G
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准备一:关闭防火墙；
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准备二：挂载光盘；4 r2 v8 z: v: F, {3 U" ~6 d
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准备三：构建本地yum服务器。2 G9 e& Z5 `! Q$ c z
! y& D) B; n+ N6 V, tFTP+SSL配置详细过程:7 i$ [4 F6 `" d7 w
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①.安装配置FTP服务器和抓包工具：（ftp：192.168.101.210）3 l' w9 Q* B$ y6 h4 J
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[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep vsftpd" m$ D a7 T! e. C/ }
[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
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[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep wireshark
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% u9 R% H$ n8 D" z: k) Q% |[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y wireshark
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[root@ftp ~]# useradd user1
* R) s& b$ f2 y( h: I[root@ftp ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin user1
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[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd start/ y6 @ w s. {( m! }
; u2 \, `4 ~% H1 |: OStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"- ^+ c; n( v6 w2 `+ M
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②.配置本地CA证书服务器：% d1 _1 V, ^3 [5 p/ s" ?
- n- Q( w: C' X6 Q[root@ftp ~]# cd /etc/pki/3 _! N& l: y6 n3 j& t
[root@ftp pki]# ll6 y/ S; O2 X0 G. @- L" U& X `
[root@ftp pki]# vim tls/openssl.cnf+ Y6 n# @* R1 ?8 L: y% Z
45 dir = /etc/pki/CA
- Y' k& `( D5 d4 E88 countryName = optional6 D8 H w9 J0 B! D/ b+ D0 g3 r0 y4 ]
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89 stateOrProvinceName = optional
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. r9 y2 n* ?1 w- V+ m& D90 organizationName = optional
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[root@ftp pki]# cd CA/. d7 G" r7 y- M- D
[root@ftp CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
1 v/ \2 l8 x; p( E4 s6 Z' B[root@ftp CA]# touch index.txt serial" h7 o [. C$ y* r
[root@ftp CA]# echo "01" >serial- _0 A9 L; C: r7 t- ^. b
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[root@ftp CA]# ll9 v' z& S4 j$ ~" w
[root@ftp CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 > private/cakey.pem
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9 n! d; }9 T# _6 H2 k; p0 Q& J3 _Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus8 {0 z: j) O8 w U3 f L
: m$ b' G9 K! `1 K" _" E...........++++++. M5 K0 Z6 Y L# \: o# r
....++++++
! v Q& \( M: se is 65537 (0x10001)
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[root@ftp CA]# chmod 600 private/cakey.pem6 T4 S+ |# [( J9 b0 n. q- K4 f
[root@ftp CA]# ll private/cakey.pem
3 q! N+ e/ ^6 {% n% H-rw------- 1 root root 887 Feb 10 23:22 private/cakey.pem
. l0 y# A0 h I# R$ l0 b6 _8 b[root@ftp CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
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You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
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9 x( Q! I7 A6 n1 ^2 o: g7 winto your certificate request.' n2 `* X( G! K
0 z: l, y! T+ k; K( f* U/ ~What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
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There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank5 T5 C! j+ Y4 |, Z! I6 G
Z [4 j K0 N. L! pFor some fields there will be a default value,
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- i* G/ T7 P' @8 v" [1 RIf you enter '.', the field will be left blank.8 ?) Z+ J. ^9 r& _
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-----
1 @" f9 [, ~ B I& D! FCountry Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
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: V) x& I2 r4 `State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan
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5 X+ e& b% w }6 F+ ^- M, U% bLocality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou0 J+ M$ I9 X7 v# J* A1 L. H) a+ [
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Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie/ Q& m& y- E7 U! D
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:soft( S2 s- g# V! E$ f
% u0 ]4 s9 {9 x0 c* Y p" D" iCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.junjie.com
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/ G) ~, S, Y+ l2 mEmail Address []:junjie@junjie.com. M) T' J1 X6 s) ?0 K
[root@ftp CA]#ll5 @7 T+ l( J1 S3 @" M1 M, q B
③.为ftp服务器创建证书：% [2 [/ j) F7 M# l9 q
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[root@ftp CA]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/certs+ s ]- p$ W, ^7 p- [* w
[root@ftp CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/certs( O) x% ^8 a/ k7 I+ N
[root@ftp certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key
6 u; |8 w2 G# K& e0 RGenerating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
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....++++++4 |# K4 W2 w7 G8 O1 Q$ ^
...++++++0 K1 |' W, k/ ]8 ^7 X# X
e is 65537 (0x10001)
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0 X7 J( r& n; B8 z; U: o) Z: a8 V[root@ftp certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr
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You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
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1 n4 G' \1 L( `. B$ b$ P, n7 finto your certificate request.
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What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.+ f: t7 B" N/ ?
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There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank! c, M3 Z x. E& U
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For some fields there will be a default value,4 K d4 r% l- h
/ F* \" o, v1 l& ]If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
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2 k' l: X% Y4 R5 W, A& f/ {# C8 J-----, I ?" C) X- ?
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn, d+ Q6 u8 C7 m( u) |
, g! T: J; y( i2 [) k6 A' TState or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan
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Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou" }2 C6 J3 c; Q( ]/ M0 Y$ a" Z: n
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Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie8 X! }$ W# p' R" P
1 v" u* d g5 g3 S$ eOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ftp8 w9 q* s$ A, a# _4 m. H9 o
$ _1 }: `, V% x6 V0 l: yCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.junjie.com
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: @4 x/ j! P0 P1 k% Z, i. U9 gEmail Address []:ftp@junjie.com% c! b: F# Z% Y/ F
; r2 R2 w* s; N- z9 b6 @Please enter the following 'extra' attributes/ o8 }' ~* i1 n( y( e: A2 r4 M, j
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to be sent with your certificate request8 g! I, o6 c$ p9 F4 B0 d" Z# Z
' |; n. g& B6 z3 X9 T- W/ z" Z2 CA challenge password []:2 |! r9 ?3 x0 c0 X7 E V# k
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An optional company name []:
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[root@ftp certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt) l$ D. h1 O$ [0 |/ r+ h! P
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf. v4 h9 ]- W* R( ?7 q
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Check that the request matches the signature7 P' p$ s/ J4 E S: g% H2 M2 s. s
0 N/ _6 V7 f( ISignature ok# r" }) A, h( B/ m
Certificate Details:8 }2 y) |, ]9 \7 [( g+ I
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Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
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3 D Q( {! `* m0 I' @: O1 N( \ Not Before: Feb 10 15:48:55 2012 GMT
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* F2 T* R/ H7 P* {9 S Not After : Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT( u- i" t! _0 b/ p& c
Subject:
4 g+ \1 A" Y2 ]" }" x5 M+ M1 t countryName = cn, x% _2 k, r! W* o$ F$ M( Q; y0 X5 J8 @
stateOrProvinceName = henan
$ V4 k) R) B" N6 u+ E' r8 L$ | organizationName = junjie- r* \4 S& w2 M
organizationalUnitName = ftp
/ ]* I( l/ ^. A commonName = ftp.junjie.com. N ]" A) U6 m4 b& p: H
emailAddress = junjie@junjie.com
) h- A' E$ @6 Q' Y X509v3 extensions:
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CA:FALSE) h4 r0 }& H* Q3 A
Netscape Comment:
. Q4 D) m4 F+ `3 ] OpenSSL Generated Certificate
9 ]4 _7 J2 l" O# E& [0 a. p X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
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X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:# x! c/ }8 G+ S) ]3 v% ]( P
keyid:50 1:A8:0A:1F:B7:CD:49:94:69:E3:70:E9:AE:93:73:2C:94:66:AC9 w+ u! M/ o! Q
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Certificate is to be certified until Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT (365 days)" ^! M0 Q2 Y. s2 [ U/ ~
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Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
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/ u. _' K& {3 ~1 @- o1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y$ s: D8 C0 ~3 L* n, P- j2 l
6 b* n B- ?: X& {6 \Write out database with 1 new entries
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$ x2 }2 f& R: d* _! gData Base Updated6 b2 b k2 h+ \
[root@ftp certs]# ll1 K# t6 O1 a* t* c! ]: v
[root@ftp certs]# chmod 600 *' U3 [ W j- r6 W. g) V
[root@ftp certs]# ll* F. Z2 _; y; \5 |9 E
④.使ftp服务应用证书：. W {1 v: N+ r0 S6 ^
* v4 g1 U9 t" a# z' t2 i" e1 I[root@ftp certs]# cd /etc/vsftpd/ 3 O( a! R6 r1 D* T, R* H5 v( H1 N; M+ O
[root@ftp vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf #增加以下内容
4 m8 Z( @4 l" G3 \0 ~7 i118 rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.crt% C- |3 M- [ W: V, t( B
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119 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.key
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120 force_local_data_ssl=YES4 i9 G B* T! @- j8 ?
121 force_local_logins_ssl=YES4 `+ D0 r- [* J; |( [- M
122 ssl_enable=YES- X: X9 W/ O. k/ u% Z% X
123 ssl_sslv2=YES
" w& V8 \* @8 Q; j; y( T# R124 ssl_sslv3=YES
" s" \* `' Z% ^6 j; u125 ssl_tlsv1=YES
" h8 ^, h" v+ X, w+ M" n, y[root@ftp vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart, I& e2 D* D; D
; J6 ]' S+ U5 eShutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]
# {; O3 ?8 V" o- JStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]5 r% f( \8 M& o# a3 g' ?2 j/ |3 {2 s
⑤客户端测试（已加密传输）：
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从上面看出证书名称出现问题，但可是可以使用！选择接收一次！4 J3 B& a. s, W4 |/ a" L# S" A
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8 l& Z! a9 j! E该次登录抓包内容如下所示：传输已经经过加密！8 C* o" X* {% q6 F' `
[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"# S- |( @% g" Y) r
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Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.7 ]: n3 Z: Z3 w7 W0 o
4 d% M9 n! Y5 vCapturing on eth0
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' Z5 o2 ]4 y! ^/ L 9.742109 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2
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9.742144 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65700 Len=04 V+ M9 f. @8 v; O9 ]
' u4 i6 E1 e9 f+ U+ B | 9.747458 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: AUTH SSL
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{6 t( m5 G- ^" h' m: `$ q 9.755605 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \200\310\001\003\001\000\237\000\000\000 \000\300\024\000\300# P4 {5 V6 {( F+ z* m" v
* B0 G/ C$ F0 }1 ] 9.758795 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \026\003\001\000\206\020\000\000\202\000\200n\257\315\204\324o
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9.778662 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\215\325t\357\277\001\376FZ\243D\373\003\367\231\207Q\324\003Q}/\335\025\027\003\001\000 \f\355b\270\355\325\020[\372\302s{^\375\307\364C\307\243\251v9\370\364\260\277\253\317\321gB]
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3 }0 f* z8 N4 r% N 9.779885 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\324\000\267\312\0320\213\266y\311\025[\371\275?\254Y\257\024[\245vjM\027\003\001\000(\236\321\221Z\321Z(\316'\343.\235?\321=8\264b\270(j\336\231\210\265\207K\223A\037"\277\251\252t\252a`\374
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9.782153 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\257d\313mXZT\356\2366\334q\223\017gt\371\232\207\226\325
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9.793165 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\0301\020S\237\372\210\004N4\370\366\377\2213m\356\233w:\275)>@%\027\003\001\000 Y\032\275BM=3J\313\240\241\372Z\371@\335\262\252\240\235\021\345\271\305\223\211\020\340\332\323Q\251
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% e c6 |( r# M; F7 x 9.795630 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\302\016=LR\272\030{\034\277V\256]\230\247\363\355M\241\327U\207k\032\027\003\001\000 OYi\216=S\322\212)\271V\016\2519w\332f\213\222S\244\275M\316\025N\302:k\312b\331
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; F, P& j$ ?/ `2 d y; a 9.796727 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1260 Win=64440 Len=0
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2 G$ s; F. o( B6 @) j 9.797542 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1334 Win=64364 Len=0
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& |1 U$ L" s0 U* _4 R; ^7 @% P1 l 9.798327 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1408 Win=64292 Len=0% N0 a1 h7 _6 Q) h
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9.798775 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1482 Win=65700 Len=02 R3 A, ~0 N; C
: c+ n- J9 s/ Q! Y2 X3 q4 W 9.799387 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1564 Win=65616 Len=07 ^/ I/ y' C8 Z& W3 t
+ T& P4 B8 \# k% A 9.799910 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1638 Win=65544 Len=0
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9.805078 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030G}\305\210\021s\244q\023k=\345R\232A\366B\360\202\320\361(x\344\027\003\001\000 \351W\350\377\362\2756\334\303\035+1l|{\304\277\224\326n\036d\213\217\b\216\023N\225\003a\274
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7 e' L$ H! M# g- M 9.810763 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203\354F\302\253\205\212\355\334$\321=\303h\276\302\350\320.\346\223\337BG\027\003\001\000 73\027\372#\232
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* S; ]- N( Q5 T 9.813350 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203x`k\337RM\341w\022N\255|f\260U ?\354)A\301^\251\027\003\001\000 \031`\366\364He\030\266z)\373\265\237\261\3430\220\331\340Kv[\033\347\tXj\344\314\236\242) s p* [) P/ |0 r
: C: ?( L# \: G- Y% b, v
9.814073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\307\2126sY\a\237\034\321\277!j\320\213\235\032\277e\345\361E>|)\027\003\001\000 \256\304}:-\365\034\aD~\fk`]\314\b\207\365-\217\305\2448 k$ r5 p8 n. M+ j
* y0 H" I$ v: ]% q9 l/ m
9.838659 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\300\272t&\t(\262\243\361\210\263\343\326\261\017$\317V\002\354\325\271\250\366\027\003\001\000 \350F\305\360\363\365\033\274W\207M\006\216\255\016\365\205z\033\002\032B\345,\3712\034\377\327[\272P
, I0 @, P! s4 K9 y c4 v# C2 B0 R
) |8 h; V7 i* w( u4 p, x 9.851675 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1071 Ack=2041 Win=65140 Len=0
% \+ { G7 H. q% `
1 ^3 j4 H+ A: F, Q" Z. q" z 9.856073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\f\357\000E/\372\333\247\016\344\315\345\346\271L\327\214CE0*i\316\332\027\003\001\000(8\220\341\316.*\234dM\235# M$ v# v* Q. v4 y: ?1 X
7 q: [2 N- q: x7 r6 \, B
10.061779 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1145 Ack=2094 Win=65088 Len=0
/ V" w- d2 Z7 ]& ?2 ?# [$ d5 U {0 ]% t' b+ L
39.978110 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030=\032\322\022\216B\025O\016\034
& o1 W! M3 v: d9 u
4 {6 G# c. A( ?* g; J6 h; a 39.980672 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1211 Ack=2139 Win=65040 Len=02 g. P/ m$ k1 i+ u
* m0 |" \0 p) R2 Q- R3 ` 39.980725 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [RST, ACK] Seq=1212 Ack=2149 Win=0 Len=0
0 f4 f, a# }' h5 n0 ~; Z: S$ C+ t k- e7 y6 D
27 packets captured3 Q* y5 A- |# J; Z. X! [
+ D0 e) n- p5 w7 s4 F[root@ftp ~]# |
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发表于 2013-1-22 22:31:55