FTPS（FTP+SSL）
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: f# e% m; I; `( D1 ~/ f+ x0 o/ v ftps是一种多传输协议，相当于加密版的FTP。当你在FTP服务器上收发文件的时候，你面临两个风险。第一个风险是在上载文件的时候为文件加密。第二个风险是，这些文件在你等待接收方下载的时候将停留在FTP服务器上，这时你如何保证这些文件的安全。你的第二个选择(创建一个支持SSL的FTP服务器)能够让你的主机使用一个FTPS连接上载这些文件。这包括使用一个在FTP协议下面的SSL层加密控制和数据通道。一种替代FTPS的协议是安全文件传输协议(SFTP)。这个协议使用SSH文件传输协议加密从客户机到服务器的FTP连接。' o9 P S2 u. D7 j, t
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- H. b5 X' a: e! y, B2 t# eFTPS是在安全套接层使用标准的FTP协议和指令的一种增强型TFP协议，为FTP协议和数据通道增加了SSL安全功能。FTPS也称作“FTP-SSL”和“FTP-over-SSL”。SSL是一个在客户机和具有SSL功能的服务器之间的安全连接中对数据进行加密和解密的协议。
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和sftp连接方法类似，在windows中可以使用FileZilla等传输软件来连接FTPS进行上传，下载文件，建立，删除目录等操作,在FileZilla连接时，有显式和隐式TLS/SSL连接之分，连接时也有指纹提示。3 d9 o( S. ` T& k/ l
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2 n; O) F% \' x7 {. m5 ^2 B安全：ftps ftp+ssl6 R/ G, n) }/ p& r- c1 S
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准备工作：
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准备一:关闭防火墙；
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4 Y7 B0 e' D- I准备二：挂载光盘；5 w# z8 f4 L! ] O3 t/ e
- T, Z: K2 m( v准备三：构建本地yum服务器。
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FTP+SSL配置详细过程:2 D% g) P! T( B4 _8 a; V* n& W4 K8 m# }
7 @6 A6 R8 y3 X% q0 l p/ B P2 |①.安装配置FTP服务器和抓包工具：（ftp：192.168.101.210）" } O2 _- t, a+ Z0 Y6 _* }
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[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep vsftpd8 {4 h, n6 n( v& l' ^1 D; k/ R3 C
[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
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[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep wireshark" l/ g' p( r5 `6 S1 d3 r8 Z0 ~& G
4 o8 L+ i0 n5 _; Q9 F[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y wireshark
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6 V- f( |( ^2 i; L5 M/ ^: T/ [[root@ftp ~]# useradd user17 G; t, h- ^, c j5 P3 |% H
[root@ftp ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin user1
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[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd start
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Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
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+ r# A# T2 g, [. F, \[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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②.配置本地CA证书服务器：" J |! u @4 @" ]/ y
/ G' M& Z+ l/ t6 a, O: J[root@ftp ~]# cd /etc/pki/1 j' [$ Q: Y% f8 y0 m" U; \
[root@ftp pki]# ll
2 H, y* z* l/ M8 w[root@ftp pki]# vim tls/openssl.cnf
8 b5 L1 C/ R. J3 v45 dir = /etc/pki/CA
$ Z6 K' S+ Q5 T& x0 a7 ?! K1 x88 countryName = optional9 @" a; A' Y6 f' Q" m
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89 stateOrProvinceName = optional- ]& f0 f2 }1 W8 m
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90 organizationName = optional3 S$ J: q/ O7 G% s( Z Z6 i
5 T1 @- j+ M9 `) R" W[root@ftp pki]# cd CA/
, Y/ R" T& x% Q3 S/ u2 |) q0 y+ U& ^[root@ftp CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl% z( Z( J+ I7 J0 D
[root@ftp CA]# touch index.txt serial
/ Y0 b' h! U/ ]' _[root@ftp CA]# echo "01" >serial
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5 j5 @. M) p, [6 Q# h; M7 ][root@ftp CA]# ll
* }- _- k0 W% w6 V[root@ftp CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 > private/cakey.pem
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Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
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...........++++++
7 V0 Q9 \. q: n |% Q....++++++
/ i% F- ^, ~4 c" n7 i" _+ }e is 65537 (0x10001)
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. r9 h1 X. C# t( E7 f[root@ftp CA]# chmod 600 private/cakey.pem* b0 U( N0 l1 r% T0 j- m7 F! p
[root@ftp CA]# ll private/cakey.pem
% }$ J9 U" k7 ^+ N( _" T1 k-rw------- 1 root root 887 Feb 10 23:22 private/cakey.pem
. h$ L1 E B2 M7 C. o9 E# z! H[root@ftp CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 36504 K& Z' g# w4 x B/ F
/ E5 n& k: N3 V. S. |3 sYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated) {% ~( z2 }+ n b, o' i3 X
' I4 V4 ]3 j2 E' q3 j! S7 T; Sinto your certificate request.
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- @2 [# ]! j& F: J" I6 I; I9 @What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
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( i" C: s+ G/ a# c, CThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank+ \1 D) c/ _3 Q: c. A6 E- {6 M3 [
/ h! X; N8 B9 f9 z& A. BFor some fields there will be a default value,5 [7 Z: Y) ?$ v
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If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
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Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
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State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan
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Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou
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5 E# I& I) v. f* }! zOrganization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie2 _! `( Z) B3 O# \. A
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:soft
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Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.junjie.com
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, [, i' v# R3 ?' m. IEmail Address []:junjie@junjie.com) T: L9 S2 R$ b, ]) _" x
[root@ftp CA]#ll" _; c m5 M$ g7 H! ]
③.为ftp服务器创建证书：
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9 h/ U/ w6 U6 W8 V; Q, k J, Z* \[root@ftp CA]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/certs. p/ l$ J+ S& f. v+ L* i
[root@ftp CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/certs
9 o5 Q0 w: q- _1 e[root@ftp certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key! |# I* H7 O5 I* f% ~$ @' j
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus9 S! _3 [6 Q8 h/ I4 s0 c4 V
/ j7 P' W! G0 x8 `....++++++
: \/ {3 H) C0 R! @9 ?...++++++. i1 F" F! d) O3 o
e is 65537 (0x10001)
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[root@ftp certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr: R/ _) x( P7 q) |9 c* C6 Z, K6 D" ~ t
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You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated8 D1 T+ s: ~2 N2 S$ Y
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into your certificate request.2 h- v3 W' q0 x1 C* s4 |2 @
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What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
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1 [6 K" |5 {5 p8 H" W9 y5 QThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank) E. F: B* K2 G' z6 {. r
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For some fields there will be a default value,& E l% a9 |* x& [# E
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If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
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Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
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State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan" N. z0 g( q- P% Q; ^9 r
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Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou: w. T+ u# n7 @& H
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Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ftp) k# R r, e5 e3 A$ l$ ~
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Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.junjie.com; Y6 Q- m& |) m* o% R8 |
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Email Address []:ftp@junjie.com, L- g* m: Y) e5 c9 Z# { D# {
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Please enter the following 'extra' attributes& J1 N' ~3 ^8 e" ]8 [" Y8 K
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to be sent with your certificate request
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A challenge password []:
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( Z: _. F9 E) R0 l# ^3 I[root@ftp certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt) q' |2 z0 u; u/ v8 i
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf! n) Z T# t/ l1 p2 K# w
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Check that the request matches the signature
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Signature ok
2 ^# a9 |1 S; h9 y& C3 VCertificate Details:' K( F0 B7 E# g3 d( k+ M. c V5 N
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Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
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Not Before: Feb 10 15:48:55 2012 GMT4 W2 b1 z* Q8 y7 }# e% u$ E5 y7 M$ x
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Not After : Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT4 B# N) P @" N; B: r# ~
Subject:
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organizationName = junjie
" V$ ]1 a! H6 E4 n4 y& w organizationalUnitName = ftp
+ y$ a9 Q5 X9 t: }* G commonName = ftp.junjie.com1 d- P D( ]& ?, S
emailAddress = junjie@junjie.com
; f$ ?( J' T; B, p/ ` X509v3 extensions:
( u' r) |- s1 d, p) `; Y: O4 P X509v3 Basic Constraints:
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Netscape Comment:
$ k7 W: o( H1 `& y* I) K OpenSSL Generated Certificate
# c3 D( E3 u* V/ A2 T" J/ X; d X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:( k' k. J# G( L( ^
33:C5:01:33:A5:CF:42:9F:24:A9:0D:E9:41:8E:26:C3:1B:7B:18:11" }. R# z' }) Q6 W
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X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:2 Q& X8 g2 K- z6 H8 ~: q# r, P
keyid:50 1:A8:0A:1F:B7:CD:49:94:69:E3:70:E9:AE:93:73:2C:94:66:AC5 z a% g/ l: X' @( n& t, G
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* H" ]) @% E6 G o3 |1 mCertificate is to be certified until Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT (365 days)8 i) q+ U& k/ m5 ^& n' _
7 C; X1 r5 S2 n6 [+ OSign the certificate? [y/n]:y
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1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y1 I, J& H7 j2 c T# B) q3 s& @
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Write out database with 1 new entries3 u" W7 Z0 y T
2 S5 ^2 _8 F% u5 f: g+ sData Base Updated
% T) X6 a+ |1 {6 F f( z2 j[root@ftp certs]# ll
- w; r `: w( z[root@ftp certs]# chmod 600 */ I8 x* p2 Z! }" L& r7 l! B
[root@ftp certs]# ll; b( G0 d+ U1 v: u
④.使ftp服务应用证书：8 @0 m* U7 T" E6 h; r6 T, Q' w
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[root@ftp certs]# cd /etc/vsftpd/ & L1 A2 i3 \+ O
[root@ftp vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf #增加以下内容1 c2 ~# T9 v, t6 K3 V* t
118 rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.crt
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119 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.key0 C& ?$ B ~; \( n/ ?. D( F
, E/ ?2 F9 V2 P# Q120 force_local_data_ssl=YES( @- N" _) Q! l
121 force_local_logins_ssl=YES
, u& W: F4 U: U0 ?: T: o# O7 b( P122 ssl_enable=YES
' u1 c$ F* ~* F9 G123 ssl_sslv2=YES9 y: C J/ X/ q7 M" [; g% E4 W
124 ssl_sslv3=YES* }9 Q+ D8 K% M2 t
125 ssl_tlsv1=YES& u2 Q/ B6 o7 k; h
[root@ftp vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart
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Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]
+ @. o* w9 D1 ]/ y% l/ E5 F7 yStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]7 k" c4 _# z4 d
⑤客户端测试（已加密传输）：
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* v7 b/ X: x! p8 R" `! r( a- I从上面看出证书名称出现问题，但可是可以使用！选择接收一次！
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该次登录抓包内容如下所示：传输已经经过加密！, ?# Y6 k' x# W8 d( Y
[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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W3 [5 \7 s! I; M" w& SRunning as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.! f) B9 }8 m9 u( S9 M5 @- Y
- C; t" ~. ^' H1 HCapturing on eth0
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9.742109 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=26 x! i$ a# W- q
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9.742144 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65700 Len=0- ]* ^' g" r7 q# Z$ V" c3 \9 [/ b
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9.747458 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: AUTH SSL
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; @6 |0 o1 Z8 Q 9.755605 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \200\310\001\003\001\000\237\000\000\000 \000\300\024\000\300$ H$ W& e9 b' h, V4 x( X, d. k5 I: V
. m( l! j3 G3 z! X4 i 9.758795 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \026\003\001\000\206\020\000\000\202\000\200n\257\315\204\324o P t2 i1 L( q9 {& j
- Z# X* Z) U w: n- ^* v+ ~ 9.778662 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\215\325t\357\277\001\376FZ\243D\373\003\367\231\207Q\324\003Q}/\335\025\027\003\001\000 \f\355b\270\355\325\020[\372\302s{^\375\307\364C\307\243\251v9\370\364\260\277\253\317\321gB]
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" K) p6 |( r7 q B' x$ A5 P0 ]) V 9.779885 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\324\000\267\312\0320\213\266y\311\025[\371\275?\254Y\257\024[\245vjM\027\003\001\000(\236\321\221Z\321Z(\316'\343.\235?\321=8\264b\270(j\336\231\210\265\207K\223A\037"\277\251\252t\252a`\374! E0 P; w* p# F& a
6 r& @8 f$ q3 X3 U* {0 V: `/ V* Q$ F 9.782153 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\257d\313mXZT\356\2366\334q\223\017gt\371\232\207\226\3254 W% f5 W) P4 A2 h, z5 S
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9.793165 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\0301\020S\237\372\210\004N4\370\366\377\2213m\356\233w:\275)>@%\027\003\001\000 Y\032\275BM=3J\313\240\241\372Z\371@\335\262\252\240\235\021\345\271\305\223\211\020\340\332\323Q\2518 g# |- N( @1 O' k3 s! B
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9.795630 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\302\016=LR\272\030{\034\277V\256]\230\247\363\355M\241\327U\207k\032\027\003\001\000 OYi\216=S\322\212)\271V\016\2519w\332f\213\222S\244\275M\316\025N\302:k\312b\331( r/ N+ o+ q& [4 [. Z" f2 @' B
' `. Q: c3 V4 c: K* M% ? 9.796727 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1260 Win=64440 Len=00 s5 k" t( S; {8 W' [ {, J% G. [2 u
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9.797542 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1334 Win=64364 Len=0
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9.798327 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1408 Win=64292 Len=0
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9.798775 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1482 Win=65700 Len=0
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% i; p. i; |4 H- ? 9.799387 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1564 Win=65616 Len=0/ u( M% n0 t! o4 O# o, G
9 e0 Z1 Q* }; H5 o3 R0 J5 v 9.799910 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1638 Win=65544 Len=0- k* `+ L6 W9 v; t1 U
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9.805078 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030G}\305\210\021s\244q\023k=\345R\232A\366B\360\202\320\361(x\344\027\003\001\000 \351W\350\377\362\2756\334\303\035+1l|{\304\277\224\326n\036d\213\217\b\216\023N\225\003a\274
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# s [( @3 o' Z$ A# t 9.810763 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203\354F\302\253\205\212\355\334$\321=\303h\276\302\350\320.\346\223\337BG\027\003\001\000 73\027\372#\232
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' n2 f& R2 _: `1 L 9.813350 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203x`k\337RM\341w\022N\255|f\260U ?\354)A\301^\251\027\003\001\000 \031`\366\364He\030\266z)\373\265\237\261\3430\220\331\340Kv[\033\347\tXj\344\314\236\242 U; y# T& L! T( E/ A3 f: p- f0 G$ ~: _
$ K& E" b7 W) U. y k& D& p2 Q 9.814073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\307\2126sY\a\237\034\321\277!j\320\213\235\032\277e\345\361E>|)\027\003\001\000 \256\304}:-\365\034\aD~\fk`]\314\b\207\365-\217\305\244
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9.838659 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\300\272t&\t(\262\243\361\210\263\343\326\261\017$\317V\002\354\325\271\250\366\027\003\001\000 \350F\305\360\363\365\033\274W\207M\006\216\255\016\365\205z\033\002\032B\345,\3712\034\377\327[\272P
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' {& h: b I3 y/ C0 K( h; ? 9.851675 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1071 Ack=2041 Win=65140 Len=0
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9 F: p- [2 T- e" M 9.856073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\f\357\000E/\372\333\247\016\344\315\345\346\271L\327\214CE0*i\316\332\027\003\001\000(8\220\341\316.*\234dM\2359 U5 v; G4 O8 u- q4 z
1 X s) J6 S1 C+ M# m# X3 c
10.061779 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1145 Ack=2094 Win=65088 Len=0
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39.978110 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030=\032\322\022\216B\025O\016\034. i, a4 N& X, U( Z
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39.980672 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1211 Ack=2139 Win=65040 Len=0 G: U" n+ q% k- \1 R
; F" J7 ~# a9 b5 F 39.980725 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [RST, ACK] Seq=1212 Ack=2149 Win=0 Len=0
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9 F( h% N% k9 J3 c t5 {' \4 A27 packets captured
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: U; g5 ]. E5 X[root@ftp ~]# |
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发表于 2013-1-22 22:31:55